Emergency Powers and Crisis Permanence

Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2024 amendments to the International Health Regulations (IHR), our research aims to understand how expanded authority, such as the "pandemic emergency" tier, affects international law and national sovereignty through six pillars:

1

Institutionalization of "Ratchet Effects"

Analyzing how exceptional, temporary powers become normalized or permanent within WHO governance structures after a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) ends.

    2

    Legal Scrutiny of "Pandemic Emergency" Tier

    Evaluating the 2024 IHR amendments that allow the WHO Director-General to declare a "pandemic emergency," focusing on whether this creates de jure expansion of power.

      3

      Sunset Clauses and Temporal Limits

      Research into implementing strict, periodic evaluation of emergency regulations to ensure they are temporary and do not perpetuate a permanent state of emergency.

      4

      Balance of Power and Sovereign Rights

      Investigating the legal boundaries between WHO recommendations and national sovereignty, specifically the legally-binding Pandemic Agreement that further empowers the WHO.

      5

      Human Rights and Derogation Analysis

      Reviewing state practices derogating from human rights obligations, and assessing the long-term impact of "crisis governance" on democratic norms.

      6

      Accountability in "Decision Spaces"

      Research on the legal and ethical accountability of the WHO when acting under scientific uncertainty, particularly during the transition from routine health surveillance to emergency, high-stakes decision-making.

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