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The "Tripartite" Structure: Analyzing the interactions between the World Health Assembly (the decision-making body), the Executive Board (policy implementation), and the Secretariat (administrative/technical staff).
Regional Dynamics: Investigating how the six Regional Offices influence global policy and how power is balanced between headquarters and regional/country offices.
Legal Instruments: Examining the effectiveness and enforcement of legally binding instruments, such as the International Health Regulations (IHR), and new frameworks such as the Pandemic Agreement.
Member State Influence: Studying how donor countries, emerging economies, China, and regional blocs (e.g., EU, African Union) influence WHO policies.
Funding Structures: Analyzing voluntary contributions (earmarked funds) versus assessed contributions (core funding) and funding by non-state actors.
Accountability Mechanisms: Evaluating the transparency and effectiveness of internal audits, investigations, and oversight bodies.
Policy Formulation: Researching how WHO sets global health agendas, such as the Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Response to Emergencies: Analyzing WHO's governance role in crises (e.g., COVID-19, Ebola), focusing on decision-making, surveillance, and stakeholder involvement.
Norm-Setting and Technical Guidance: Assessing the legitimacy of guidelines produced for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), health systems, and workforce development.